Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026
Ex Vivo Release of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide from the Trigeminovascular System in Rodents
Published on: May 16, 2022
A naturalistic glyceryl trinitrate infusion migraine model in the rat
Roshni Ramachandran1, Deepak Kumar Bhatt, Kenneth Beri Ploug
1University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background And Aim:
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) infusion is a reliable method to provoke migraine-like headaches in humans. Previous studies have simulated this human model in anaesthetized or in awake rodents using GTN doses 10,000 times higher than used in humans. The relevance of such toxicological doses to migraine is not certain. Anaesthesia and low blood pressure caused by high GTN doses both can affect the expression of nociceptive marker c-fos. Therefore, our aim was to simulate the human GTN migraine model in awake rats using a clinically relevant dose.
Methods:
Awake rats were infused with GTN (4 µg/kg/min, for 20 min, i.v.), a dose just 8 times higher than in humans. mRNA and protein expression for c-fos were analysed in the trigeminal vascular system at various time points using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively.
Results:
A significant upregulation of c-fos mRNA was observed in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis at 30 min and 2 h that was followed by an upregulation of Fos protein in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis at 2 h and 4 h after GTN infusion. Pre-treatment with sumatriptan attenuated the activation of Fos at 4 h, demonstrating the specificity of this model for migraine.
Conclusion:
We present a validated naturalistic rat model suitable for screening of acute anti-migraine drugs.
