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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

Disorders of the Male Reproductive System

Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
Prostate disorders are another major concern. These conditions can impair urinary flow due to the prostate's location around the urethra. Symptoms...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound
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Published on: March 21, 2025

Prostate size does not predict high grade cancer.

Tin C Ngo1, Simon L Conti, Rajesh Shinghal

  • 1Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. tin.ngo@gmail.com

The Journal of Urology
|December 20, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small prostate size is linked to high-grade prostate cancer only in men with T1c disease. This association is likely due to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing bias, not tumor biology.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • The hypothesis that small prostates correlate with high-grade prostate cancer suggests a low androgen environment selects for aggressive tumors.
  • Previous research indicated this association in radical prostatectomy series may stem from prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ascertainment bias.
  • This study investigates the association in a broader population undergoing prostate needle biopsy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if prostate volume influences the likelihood of high-grade prostate cancer in men undergoing initial prostate needle biopsy.
  • To re-evaluate the association between small prostate size and aggressive cancer, considering potential biases.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 1,295 men undergoing initial prostate needle biopsy between 2000-2010 was analyzed.
  • Data included age, race, family history, PSA levels, digital rectal exam findings, and prostate volume via transrectal ultrasound.
  • Multivariate logistic regression assessed the impact of prostate volume on high-grade cancer odds.

Main Results:

  • Of 1,295 patients, 582 (44.9%) had prostate cancer, and 398 (30.7%) had high-grade cancer.
  • Overall, a 10 ml increase in prostate volume was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.85 for high-grade cancer.
  • The association was significant for T1c disease (OR 0.83) but not for T2 or greater disease (OR 0.99).

Conclusions:

  • The link between small prostates and high-grade prostate cancer is confined to men with clinical T1c prostate cancer.
  • This association is likely an artifact of PSA testing performance characteristics, not indicative of underlying tumor biology.