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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Experience is Instrumental in Tuning a Link Between Language and Cognition: Evidence from 6- to 7- Month-Old Infants' Object Categorization
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Published on: April 19, 2017

Infants make quantity discriminations for substances.

Susan J Hespos1, Begum Dora, Lance J Rips

  • 1Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA. hespos@northwestern.edu

Child Development
|December 21, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants can perceive changes in continuous substances like sand. However, only female infants could distinguish between different amounts, suggesting early sex differences in quantity discrimination for non-cohesive materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Infant Perception

Background:

  • Infants possess abilities to track discrete quantities (e.g., objects).
  • Previous research on infant perception of continuous quantities (e.g., sand) is inconclusive.
  • Understanding quantity representation in infants is crucial for cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate infants' ability to perceive changes in continuous, non-cohesive substances.
  • To determine if infants can discriminate between different volumes of sand.
  • To explore potential sex differences in early quantity discrimination.

Main Methods:

  • Habituation paradigm used with 88 infants in Experiment 1.
  • Habituation paradigm used with 82 infants in Experiment 2.
  • Stimuli involved pouring sand to create varying pile sizes.

Main Results:

  • Infants successfully registered changes in sand pile size with a 1:4 ratio (Experiment 1).
  • Female infants discriminated a 1:2 ratio, while male infants did not (Experiment 2).
  • This study provides the earliest evidence of quantity discrimination for non-cohesive substances.

Conclusions:

  • Infants can represent and respond to changes in continuous quantities.
  • Early sex differences in discriminating non-cohesive quantities may exist.
  • Findings contribute to understanding the development of numerical cognition and representation of non-cohesive materials.