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Related Concept Videos

Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
Responses to Heat and Cold Stress02:45

Responses to Heat and Cold Stress

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents
06:55

An Unpredictable Chronic Mild Stress Protocol for Instigating Depressive Symptoms, Behavioral Changes and Negative Health Outcomes in Rodents

Published on: December 2, 2015

[Sequential changes in inflammatory and stress responses during 24-hour running].

Tomomi Shimizu1, Akio Imanishi, Kenichi Sugimoto

  • 1Corresponding author: Tomomi SHIMIZU, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, Yokohama, Kanagawa 225-8502, Japan. tshimizu@cc.toin.ac.jp

Rinsho Byori. the Japanese Journal of Clinical Pathology
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Extended running causes significant bodily stress, altering inflammatory markers and hormones. Notably, DHEA-S levels increased, suggesting exercise may mitigate aging effects in males.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology

Context:

  • Prolonged physical exertion, such as endurance running, imposes substantial physiological stress.
  • Understanding the body's acute responses to such stress is crucial for athlete health and performance.
  • Limited research exists on vital responses during and immediately after extended running durations.

Purpose:

  • To investigate inflammatory and stress marker changes during and after 24 hours of continuous running.
  • To analyze serial changes in blood components, including inflammatory markers, muscle damage indicators, and hormones.
  • To assess the body's adaptive and stress responses to extreme endurance exercise.

Summary:

  • Participants ran for 24 hours, with blood samples collected at intervals to measure high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), pentraxin 3 (ptx3), white blood cells (WBC), myoglobin, creatine kinase (CK), and hormones.
  • Significant increases were observed in hsCRP, ptx3, WBC, neutrophils, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), myoglobin, and CK.
  • Testosterone levels decreased, while eosinophils, reactive oxygen metabolites, and biological antioxidant potential showed distinct patterns, indicating complex physiological adaptations.

Impact:

  • This study reveals significant inflammatory and hormonal shifts in response to prolonged running.
  • Findings highlight the increase in DHEA-S, a potential biomarker for aging, suggesting exercise may positively influence hormonal profiles in males.
  • The research provides valuable insights into the physiological stress and adaptive mechanisms during extreme endurance events.