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Related Concept Videos

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles01:24

Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
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Related Experiment Video

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Controls on Fe(II)-activated trace element release from goethite and hematite.

Andrew J Frierdich1, Jeffrey G Catalano

  • 1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States of America. frierdich@eps.wustl.edu

Environmental Science & Technology
|December 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Trace elements like nickel and zinc are released from iron oxides during electron transfer and atom exchange (ETAE). Chemical conditions, including pH and iron concentrations, control this release, impacting contaminant transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Environmental Science
  • Mineralogy

Background:

  • Electron transfer and atom exchange (ETAE) between aqueous Fe(II) and Fe(III) oxides drives mineral surface changes.
  • Previous work showed Ni(II) cycling during Fe(II)-Fe(III) ETAE, but factors controlling trace element release were unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the chemical controls on Ni(II) and Zn(II) release from substituted goethite and hematite during Fe(II)-Fe(III) ETAE.
  • To understand the mechanisms and kinetics of trace element mobilization from iron oxides.

Main Methods:

  • Studied Ni(II) and Zn(II) release from Ni- and Zn-substituted goethite and hematite reacting with Fe(II).
  • Analyzed release kinetics and correlated them with mineral dissolution and chemical parameters (Fe concentrations, pH).

Main Results:

  • Trace element release rate law is consistent with surface-reaction-limited mineral dissolution.
  • Release is linked to Fe(III) reductive dissolution sites during ETAE.
  • Ni and Zn release rates differ between goethite and hematite.
  • Release is inhibited by buildup in solution but resumes with fluid exchange.
  • Mineral/aqueous Fe(II) concentrations and pH directly control reaction rates and metal release.

Conclusions:

  • Structurally incorporated trace elements can be mobilized from iron oxides without net iron reduction.
  • This mobilization mechanism affects micronutrient availability, contaminant transport, and trace element distribution in environmental systems.