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Dementia: what to do.

R Pary1, C R Tobias, S Lippmann

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Ky.

Southern Medical Journal
|October 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Dementia involves acquired intellectual decline impacting daily life. While often progressive, some causes like depression or hypothyroidism are reversible with proper diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Geriatrics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Dementia is characterized by acquired intellectual deterioration affecting personal and social functioning.
  • Diagnosis relies on patient history and a mental status evaluation assessing orientation, memory, comprehension, calculation, and abstraction.
  • While most dementias cause permanent cognitive decline, some presentations are reversible.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the diagnostic criteria for dementia.
  • To identify common reversible causes of dementia.
  • To detail the recommended screening laboratory studies and treatment approaches for dementia.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis involves gathering historical information from family and conducting a mental status evaluation.

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  • Screening laboratory studies include urinalysis, chemistry profile, blood count, thyroid function tests, vitamin B12 and folate levels, serology, chest X-ray, CT scan of the head, EEG, and EKG.
  • Treatment strategies focus on identifying and addressing potential reversibility, managing psychosocial aspects, restoring deficits, and alleviating specific symptoms.

    • Main Results:

    • Dementia diagnosis requires a comprehensive approach combining patient history and cognitive assessment.
    • Several conditions, including depression, drug toxicity, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, hypothyroidism, subdural hematoma, and neoplasms, can mimic or cause reversible dementia.
    • A broad range of laboratory and imaging studies are utilized for screening and diagnosis.

    Conclusions:

    • Early and accurate diagnosis of dementia is crucial for effective management.
    • Recognizing and treating reversible causes of dementia can significantly improve patient outcomes.
    • A multidisciplinary approach encompassing medical, psychosocial, and symptomatic treatments is essential for comprehensive dementia care.