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Related Concept Videos

Membrane Fluidity01:23

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Setting-up an In Vitro Model of Rat Blood-brain Barrier (BBB): A Focus on BBB Impermeability and Receptor-mediated Transport
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The Membrane Permeability Outcome study.

Francesco Locatelli, Andrea Cavalli, Celestina Manzoni

    Contributions to Nephrology
    |December 23, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    High-flux hemodialysis significantly improves survival for uremic patients with low albumin levels. This approach also shows potential benefits for diabetic patients, warranting its use in high-risk populations.

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    Published on: January 12, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Nephrology
    • Clinical Medicine
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Observational studies suggest high-flux hemodialysis benefits uremic patients.
    • The HEMO study yielded inconclusive results on membrane permeability and mortality.
    • Prior research highlights the need for further investigation into hemodialysis membrane effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the impact of membrane permeability on survival in incident hemodialysis patients.
    • To compare high-flux versus low-flux hemodialysis in patients stratified by albumin levels.
    • To evaluate the efficacy of high-flux membranes in specific patient subgroups, including diabetics.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective, randomized controlled trial (Membrane Permeability Outcome study).
    • Patients randomized into low albumin (≤4 g/dl) and normal albumin (>4 g/dl) groups.
    • Comparison of survival rates between high-flux and low-flux hemodialysis within each albumin group.

    Main Results:

    • Patients with low serum albumin (≤4 g/dl) demonstrated significantly better survival with high-flux hemodialysis (p = 0.032).
    • A secondary analysis indicated improved survival for diabetic patients on high-flux membranes.
    • No significant survival difference was observed between membrane types in patients with normal albumin levels.

    Conclusions:

    • High-flux hemodialysis offers a survival advantage for hemodialysis patients with low serum albumin.
    • The findings support the use of high-flux hemodialysis in high-risk patient populations, including those with diabetes.
    • European Renal Best Practice recommends high-flux hemodialysis for high-risk patients and suggests its consideration for low-risk patients due to reduced β(2)-microglobulin levels.