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A Chronic Immobilization Stress Protocol for Inducing Depression-Like Behavior in Mice
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Insulin-like growth factor-I peptides act centrally to decrease depression-like behavior of mice treated

Sook-Eun Park1, Marcus Lawson, Robert Dantzer

  • 1Integrated Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801-3873, USA.

Journal of Neuroinflammation
|December 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its peptide GPE show antidepressant effects in rodent models. These compounds can prevent and treat depression-like behaviors induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), acting independently of sickness symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Centrally administered insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I exhibits antidepressant activity in rodent models.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to induce depression-like behaviors in rodents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the preventive and curative effects of IGF-I and its derived peptide GPE on LPS-induced depression-like behavior.
  • To determine if IGF-I and GPE affect LPS-induced sickness behaviors.
  • To explore the impact of IGF-I and GPE on brain cytokine expression and tryptophan dioxygenases.

Main Methods:

  • CD-1 mice were administered IGF-I or GPE centrally (intracerebroventricularly).
  • LPS was administered intraperitoneally either 30 minutes after or 24 hours before IGF-I/GPE treatment.
  • Depression-like behaviors were assessed using tail suspension and forced swim tests.
  • Sickness behaviors (weight loss, food intake) and brain cytokine/enzyme expression were measured.

Main Results:

  • IGF-I and GPE effectively abrogated LPS-induced depression-like behaviors, both preventively and curatively.
  • Neither IGF-I nor GPE affected LPS-induced sickness behaviors such as weight loss or decreased food intake.
  • GPE reduced brain cytokine expression in response to LPS, similar to IGF-I, but did not increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression.

Conclusions:

  • IGF-I and GPE demonstrate specific antidepressant-like effects independent of sickness symptoms.
  • The anti-inflammatory properties of IGF-I and GPE may underlie their antidepressant actions.
  • GPE represents a potential therapeutic agent for depression, particularly when associated with inflammatory processes.