Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Target Cell Response to Hormones

Hormones intricately bind to receptors on the surface or within target cells, initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
Notably, the cellular response can be regulated by altering the number of receptors expressed in the cell. For example, prolonged exposure to elevated hormone levels results in a gradual decline or down-regulation in the number of receptors for that specific hormone on the cell surface. Conversely, in response to low hormone levels, cells may use up-regulation, producing an...

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Hormones of the Adrenal Glands

Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
The adrenal cortex, a powerhouse of hormone synthesis, generates over two dozen corticosteroid hormones. The zona glomerulosa produces mineralocorticoids, exemplified by aldosterone, influencing the electrolyte composition of body fluids. The synthesis of glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone...

Rh Blood Group

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Base-Promoted <i>N-α-</i>C-H Alkylation of Aliphatic Amines via Tandem SET/1,5-HAT Processes.

Organic letters·2026

Same author

Embracing complexity at the physiology and behaviour interface will benefit conservation science.

Conservation physiology·2026

Same author

Fully Substituted Cyclobutenes via [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ynimines with Cinnamamides.

Organic letters·2026

Same author

Sensory biology in a changing world: multisensory systems and interdisciplinary collaboration.

The Journal of experimental biology·2026

Same author

Sharks at night, exposed to city light: Melatonin concentrations in two shark species differ in response to artificial light at night.

The Science of the total environment·2026

Same author

One-Pot Transition-Metal-Free Methods for the Synthesis of All Three Bonds of the Alkyne's Triple Bond.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Chemical Screening Procedure for Glucocorticoid Signaling with a Zebrafish Larva Luciferase Reporter System

A Chemical Screening Procedure for Glucocorticoid Signaling with a Zebrafish Larva Luciferase Reporter System

Published on: September 10, 2013

Interactions between cortisol and Rhesus glycoprotein expression in ureogenic toadfish, Opsanus beta.

Tamara M Rodela¹, M Danielle McDonald, Patrick J Walsh

¹Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5. trodela@zoology.ubc.ca

The Journal of Experimental Biology

|December 23, 2011

Summary

Gulf toadfish alter ammonia excretion under stress. Cortisol influences ammonia excretion by changing Rhesus (Rh) glycoprotein expression and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity.

More Related Videos

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Published on: September 10, 2019

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Published on: November 14, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Chemical Screening Procedure for Glucocorticoid Signaling with a Zebrafish Larva Luciferase Reporter System

A Chemical Screening Procedure for Glucocorticoid Signaling with a Zebrafish Larva Luciferase Reporter System

Published on: September 10, 2013

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Cortisol Extraction from Sturgeon Fin and Jawbone Matrices

Published on: September 10, 2019

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

Published on: November 14, 2018

Area of Science:

* Physiology
* Environmental Stress Response
* Fish Biology

Background:

* Gulf toadfish normally excrete equal ammonia and urea.
* Stressful conditions induce ureotelism (urea excretion) in toadfish.
* Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins and glutamine synthetase (GS) are key in ammonia metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

* Investigate cortisol and ammonia effects on toadfish ammonia excretion.
* Examine the role of Rh glycoproteins and GS activity in this process.

Main Methods:

* In vivo infusions and injections in ureotelic toadfish.
* Manipulation of corticosteroid activity and plasma ammonia levels.
* Measurement of ammonia excretion rates, Rh mRNA expression, and GS activity.

Main Results:

* Lowering cortisol increased ammonia excretion and Rh expression, decreasing GS activity.
* Cortisol infusion decreased ammonia excretion, Rh expression, and increased hepatic GS activity.
* Elevated ammonia levels enhanced excretion and Rh expression, but cortisol blunted this response.

Conclusions:

* Cortisol modulates ammonia excretion in toadfish.
* Cortisol influences ammonia excretion via changes in Rh glycoprotein expression and GS activity.