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Pathologic study of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 cases from India

Vijay N Shelke1, Raju M Kolhapure, Dilip Kadam

  • 1Department of Electron Microscopy and Histopath, Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India. 2009svijay@gmail.com

Pathology International
|December 24, 2011
PubMed

Insights

This study details the pathology of 46 fatal pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 cases in India. Findings show diffuse alveolar damage in lungs and viral antigen in bronchiolar epithelium, comparable to Western studies.

Area of Science:

  • Pathology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus spread globally, with India reporting its first case in May 2009.
  • Existing autopsy studies on human pandemic influenza pathology were predominantly from Western countries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the clinicopathologic features of fatal pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus infection in Indian patients.
  • To compare findings with previous international autopsy studies.
  • To highlight the utility of postmortem needle biopsy.

Main Methods:

  • Examination of postmortem needle biopsy tissues from 46 confirmed fatal cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009.
  • Histopathological analysis to identify tissue damage.
  • Immunohistochemistry to determine the distribution of viral antigens.

Main Results:

  • Diffuse alveolar damage was consistently observed in lung tissues.
  • Viral antigen was consistently present in the bronchiolar epithelium.
  • Findings were comparable to previous autopsy studies from Western countries.

Conclusions:

  • The clinicopathologic findings in Indian fatal cases of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 align with existing literature.
  • Postmortem needle biopsy is a valuable technique for investigating influenza pathology when full autopsies are not feasible.

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