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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity, and disease...
Human Virome01:26

Human Virome

The human body harbors a vast and diverse viral community known as the human virome. The virome includes bacteriophages that infect bacteria, and eukaryotic viruses that infect human cells. Transient dietary and environmental viruses also contribute to this dynamic ecosystem. Estimates suggest the human body may contain on the order of 10¹³ viral particles, though abundance varies widely by body site and detection method.Comprehensive characterization of the virome has become possible only with...
Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...

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Published on: June 11, 2011

Human microbiome and HIV/AIDS.

Deepak Saxena1, Yihong Li, Liying Yang

  • 1Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA. ds100@nyu.edu

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|December 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human microbiome alterations are linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Understanding these changes could lead to new diagnostics and therapeutics for HIV/AIDS.

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Published on: October 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • The human microbiome plays a crucial role in immune system health.
  • Limited research exists on microbiome changes following HIV infection.
  • Commensal bacteria in oral, gut, vaginal, and penile sites are vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review microbiome study methodologies and challenges.
  • To highlight the impact of HIV on the human microbiome.
  • To explore the potential of microbiome research for HIV therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbiome study methodologies.
  • Analysis of existing studies on microbiome and HIV.
  • Investigation of crosstalk between innate factors, HIV, and microbes.

Main Results:

  • The oral and gut microbiome are altered in HIV-positive individuals.
  • Evidence suggests crosstalk between viral and bacterial pathogens.
  • Methodological advancements in microbiome research are progressing.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the microbiome's role in HIV infection is critical.
  • Microbiome alterations in HIV present potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research can identify novel diagnostics and antiretroviral factors.