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Related Concept Videos

Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
Redox Reactions01:24

Redox Reactions

Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules01:19

Oxidation and Reduction of Organic Molecules

Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
The removal of an electron from a molecule, results in a...

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Defining Hsp33's Redox-regulated Chaperone Activity and Mapping Conformational Changes on Hsp33 Using Hydrogen-deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry
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Caloric restriction and redox state: does this diet increase or decrease oxidant production?

Alicia J Kowaltowski1

  • 1Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. alicia@iq.usp.br

Redox Report : Communications in Free Radical Research
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Calorie restriction (CR) enhances lifespan, but not by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies suggest CR improves redox balance, though this may not be the primary mechanism for lifespan extension.

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Published on: February 7, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Aging and longevity research
  • Cellular redox biology
  • Metabolic regulation

Background:

  • Calorie restriction (CR) is a known lifespan-extending intervention across diverse organisms.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms underlying CR's effects remain under investigation.
  • A recent hypothesis proposed that CR extends lifespan via hormesis, involving increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequent stress response activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review the existing literature on the relationship between calorie restriction and redox state.
  • To evaluate the evidence supporting the hormesis-driven ROS production hypothesis for CR's lifespan-extending effects.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of studies investigating calorie restriction and its impact on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and redox balance.
  • Analysis of data from rodent models, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Main Results:

  • No evidence was found in rodent models to support the claim that CR increases ROS production.
  • Results in C. elegans and S. cerevisiae suggesting increased ROS under CR are questionable due to limitations in measurement techniques.
  • The majority of evidence indicates that CR improves the overall redox state of organisms.

Conclusions:

  • The hypothesis that CR extends lifespan through increased ROS production is not supported by current evidence.
  • While CR generally improves redox state, this improvement is unlikely to be the sole or primary mechanism driving lifespan extension.
  • Further development of accurate ROS measurement tools is needed for definitive conclusions in model organisms.