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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Drug Release Characteristics

Drug release from modified-release dosage forms is designed to achieve specific therapeutic effects by controlling the rate and extent of drug release. The classification of these drug release systems is based on key pharmacokinetic assumptions: drug disposition follows first-order kinetics, drug release is the rate-limiting step in absorption, and the released drug is rapidly and completely absorbed.There are four major models of drug release patterns. The first model is the slow zero-order...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors01:20

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Influencing Factors

Modified-release drug delivery systems are designed to optimize the therapeutic effect of drugs by minimizing side effects, reducing the dosage required, and controlling drug release to align with pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic needs. The system depends on two key factors: the drug's release from the formulation and its movement through the body to the target site. Unlike conventional dosage forms, where absorption is the limiting step, the rate of drug release is the key determinant in...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems01:11

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Delayed-Release Systems

Delayed-release drug delivery systems are specialized pharmaceutical formulations designed to postpone the release of active compounds until the drug reaches a specific region of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, typically the intestine. These systems are essential for drugs that may cause gastric irritation, are unstable in acidic environments, or need to exert therapeutic effects locally in the intestinal or colonic regions.The core feature of delayed-release systems is the use of enteric...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients, maintaining...

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Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles
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Protein microspheres as suitable devices for piroxicam release.

Raquel Silva1, Helena Ferreira, Ana C Carvalho

  • 1University of Minho, Department of Textile Engineering, Campus de Azurém, Guimarães, Portugal.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|December 27, 2011
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Summary

New bovine serum albumin-piroxicam (BSA-piroxicam) and human serum albumin-piroxicam (HSA-piroxicam) microspheres offer improved formulation characteristics and controlled drug release for inflammatory diseases. These non-cytotoxic microspheres show potential for therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Drug Delivery Systems
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to treat inflammatory conditions.
  • Developing effective drug delivery systems for piroxicam is crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing side effects.
  • Protein-based microspheres offer potential as biocompatible carriers for sustained drug release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To sonochemically prepare and characterize bovine serum albumin-piroxicam (BSA-piroxicam) and human serum albumin-piroxicam (HSA-piroxicam) microspheres.
  • To evaluate the impact of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) on microsphere formulation characteristics.
  • To investigate the drug release kinetics and cytotoxicity of these proteinaceous microspheres.

Main Methods:

  • Sonochemical preparation of BSA-piroxicam and HSA-piroxicam microspheres.
  • Characterization of microsphere properties including size, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, and stability.
  • In vitro release studies in the presence of protease to determine drug transport mechanisms.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity assays using human skin fibroblasts.

Main Results:

  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) significantly improved microsphere characteristics: smaller size, lower PDI, higher entrapment efficiency, and enhanced stability.
  • Drug release kinetics indicated an anomalous transport mechanism involving diffusion and polymer degradation.
  • At higher protease concentrations, BSA microspheres exhibited Case II transport, resulting in zero-order drug release due to protein degradation.
  • The proteinaceous microspheres demonstrated no cytotoxicity against human skin fibroblasts at concentrations below 300 mg L(-1).

Conclusions:

  • Sonochemically prepared BSA-piroxicam and HSA-piroxicam microspheres, particularly with PVA, represent a promising drug delivery system.
  • The controlled release mechanisms, including protease-mediated degradation, offer potential for targeted piroxicam delivery.
  • The demonstrated biocompatibility and lack of cytotoxicity support their potential application in treating inflammatory diseases.