Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.5K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.5K
Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility01:13

Actin Polymerization and Cell Motility

6.8K
Actin is a family of globular proteins that are highly abundant in eukaryotic cells. It makes up approximately 1-5% of total cell protein concentration. Actin monomers polymerize to form a complex network of polarized filaments, the actin cytoskeleton, that plays a crucial role in many cellular processes, including cell motility, division, endocytosis, and metastasis of cancer cells.
Actin cytoskeleton dynamics can produce pushing, pulling, and resistance forces that help the cell to migrate....
6.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.6K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.6K
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

2.8K
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
2.8K
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

2.9K
Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
2.9K
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.1K
Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of phosphoramidon on big endothelin-2 conversion into endothelin-2 in human renal adenocarcinoma (ACHN) cells. Analysis of endothelin-2 biosynthetic pathway.

FEBS letters·1992
Same author

Ultracytochemistry of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in adrenal gland.

Okajimas folia anatomica Japonica·1992
Same author

Modulation by intracellular calcium pool of arginine vasopressin-induced cellular cyclic AMP production in rat renal papillary collecting tubule cells in culture.

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics·1992
Same author

[Ethylene oxide sterilization. I. Influence of the sporulation medium on the resistance of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger].

Revista de saude publica·1992
Same author

[Ethylene oxide sterilization. II. Influence of test devices on the performance of biological monitors and its evaluation].

Revista de saude publica·1992
Same author

Abnormal distribution of IL-6 receptor in aged MRL/lpr mice: elevated expression on B cells and absence on CD4+ cells.

International immunology·1992

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Micromanipulation Techniques Allowing Analysis of Morphogenetic Dynamics and Turnover of Cytoskeletal Regulators
12:52

Micromanipulation Techniques Allowing Analysis of Morphogenetic Dynamics and Turnover of Cytoskeletal Regulators

Published on: May 12, 2018

10.5K

Dynamical diagram and scaling in polymer driven translocation.

T Saito1, T Sakaue

  • 1Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. saito@stat.phys.kyushu-u.ac.jp

The European Physical Journal. E, Soft Matter
|December 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

We reveal the physics of driven polymer translocation by analyzing non-equilibrium dynamics. A new dynamical scaling scenario is proposed, analogous to surface growth, crucial for experimental and simulation comparisons.

More Related Videos

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.0K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 23, 2026

Micromanipulation Techniques Allowing Analysis of Morphogenetic Dynamics and Turnover of Cytoskeletal Regulators
12:52

Micromanipulation Techniques Allowing Analysis of Morphogenetic Dynamics and Turnover of Cytoskeletal Regulators

Published on: May 12, 2018

10.5K
High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast
10:23

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Published on: April 20, 2017

10.0K
Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

8.5K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer physics
  • Non-equilibrium statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Driven translocation of polymers is a key phenomenon in biophysics and materials science.
  • Existing models often simplify the complex dynamics and parameter space of real systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physics governing driven polymer translocation in real space.
  • To propose a dynamical scaling scenario for polymer translocation dynamics.
  • To extend the tension-propagation formulation for broader experimental relevance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of real-space non-equilibrium dynamics of polymers.
  • Development and extension of the tension-propagation formulation.
  • Identification of distinct non-equilibrium regimes and finite-size effects.

Main Results:

  • A dynamical scaling scenario analogous to surface growth phenomena is proposed.
  • Three distinct non-equilibrium regimes beyond near-equilibrium are identified.
  • The importance of finite-size effects for accurate comparisons is highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed scaling scenario provides a framework for understanding driven polymer translocation.
  • The extended tension-propagation formulation enhances applicability to experimental and simulation studies.
  • Accurate modeling requires consideration of non-equilibrium regimes and finite-size effects.