Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Nomenclature of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Amides and Nitriles

Naming Amides
The IUPAC and common names of amides are derived from the parent carboxylic acid, by replacing the suffix “oic acid” and “ic acid,” respectively, with “amide.” In the following example, the IUPAC name ethanamide is derived from ethanoic acid, and the common name, acetamide, is obtained from acetic acid.

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis

Aminolysis is a nucleophilic acyl substitution reaction, where ammonia or amines act as nucleophiles to give the substitution product. Acid halides react with ammonia, primary amines, and secondary amines to yield primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, respectively.
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Preparation of 1° Amines: Gabriel Synthesis

Direct alkylation is not a suitable method for synthesizing amines because it produces polyalkylated products. Gabriel synthesis is the most preferred method to exclusively make primary amines. The method uses phthalimide, which contains a protected form of nitrogen that participates in alkylation only once to predominantly give primary amines.
Strong bases like NaOH or KOH deprotonate the phthalimide to form the corresponding anion, which acts as a nucleophile. Further, the anion attacks an...

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
The three sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl carbon form three σ bonds, one each with the carbonyl oxygen, the α carbon, and the heteroatom, whereas the other two sp2 orbitals of the carbonyl oxygen are occupied by the lone pairs. Further, the unhybridized p...

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Overview

Carboxylic acid derivatives are formed by replacing the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids with a different functional group. The most common carboxylic acid derivatives are:

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Three new coordination polymers based on bis(4-(4<i>H</i>-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)methane: syntheses, structures, multiresponsive luminescent sensitive detection for antibiotics and pesticides, and antitumor activities.

RSC advances·2022

Same author

[Correlation of EBV Infection with Expression of TNF-α-Inducing Protein 3 Gene and A20 Protein in Hodgkin's Lmphoma].

Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi·2019

Same author

[Clinical Study of Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome Transformed into Acute Myeloid Leukemia].

Zhongguo shi yan xue ye xue za zhi·2018

Same author

Evolution of Cerebral Ischemia Assessed by Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI.

Frontiers in neurology·2017

Same author

Pore modulation of zirconium-organic frameworks for high-efficiency detection of trace proteins.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2017

Same author

Analyses of mRNA Profiling through RNA Sequencing on a SAMP8 Mouse Model in Response to Ginsenoside Rg1 and Rb1 Treatment.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2017

Same journal

Crystal structure of 1-(piperidin-1-yl)butane-1,3-dione.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of methyl 1-methyl-3,5-diphenyl-7-tosyl-3,6,7,11b-tetra-hydro-pyrazolo-[4',3':5,6]pyrano[3,4-c]quinoline-5a(5H)-carboxyl-ate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 4-amino-1-(4-methyl-benz-yl)pyridinium bromide.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of (Z)-3-benz-yloxy-6-[(2-hy-droxy-anilino)methyl-idene]cyclo-hexa-2,4-dien-1-one.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of bis-(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole) perchloric acid monosolvate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

Same journal

Crystal structure of 2-(di-phenyl-phos-phanyl)phenyl 4-(hy-droxy-meth-yl)benzoate.

Acta crystallographica. Section E, Structure reports online·2015

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

2-(4-Chloro-phen-yl)acetamide.

Dong-Sheng Ma¹, Pei-Jiang Liu, Shuai Zhang

¹College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online

|December 27, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a chloroacetamide compound, revealing a significant twist in its acetamide group relative to the benzene ring. Molecules form layered structures through hydrogen bonding in the solid state.

More Related Videos

Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

Published on: April 10, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Published on: November 23, 2016

Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

Production and Testing of Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Mimics

Published on: April 10, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

Area of Science:

Crystallography
Organic Chemistry
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Understanding the molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions of organic compounds is crucial for predicting their physical and chemical properties.
Chloroacetamide derivatives are important in various chemical applications, necessitating detailed structural analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(8)ClNO.
To investigate the molecular conformation, specifically the orientation of the acetamide group relative to the benzene ring.
To characterize the intermolecular interactions and packing arrangement in the crystalline state.

Main Methods:

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the three-dimensional structure of the compound.
Analysis of the crystal structure involved identifying bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles.
Intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

The crystal structure of C(8)H(8)ClNO was successfully determined.
A significant dihedral angle of 83.08° was observed between the acetamide group and the benzene ring, indicating substantial deviation from planarity.
N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds were identified as the primary intermolecular forces, leading to the formation of layered structures parallel to the ab plane.

Conclusions:

The study provides a detailed structural insight into the chloroacetamide compound.
The observed molecular conformation and hydrogen bonding patterns are key to understanding the compound's solid-state behavior.
This structural information can be valuable for further research involving similar chloroacetamide derivatives.