Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 26, 2026
14:55
Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
Published on: June 24, 2018
[Bone and tooth in calcium and phosphate metabolism]
Yoshihiro Tamamura1, Akira Yamaguchi
1Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
Clinical Calcium
|December 28, 2011
Summary
Maintaining calcium and phosphate balance is vital for health, as imbalances cause serious diseases. Bone plays a key role in this homeostasis, releasing hormones that regulate mineral levels.
Area of Science:
- Mineral Metabolism and Endocrinology
- Skeletal Biology and Physiology
Background:
- Serum calcium and phosphate concentrations require tight regulation for normal physiological function.
- Disruptions in mineral homeostasis are linked to significant health issues like cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and ectopic calcification.
- Bone and teeth formation and mineralization are critically dependent on calcium and phosphate metabolism.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the hormonal control mechanisms governing calcium and phosphate homeostasis.
- To highlight the roles of the intestine, kidney, and bone in maintaining mineral balance.
- To emphasize the endocrine function of bone in releasing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23).
Main Methods:
- Review of established physiological processes in calcium and phosphate metabolism.
- Analysis of hormonal regulation involving key organs (intestine, kidney, bone).
- Examination of the endocrine role of bone and the function of FGF23.
Main Results:
- Calcium and phosphate absorption and reabsorption occur in the intestine and kidney, respectively.
- Bone acts as a reservoir, releasing and storing minerals through osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.
- Osteocytes release FGF23, a hormone that modulates kidney function regarding phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D production.
Conclusions:
- Calcium and phosphate homeostasis is a complex process regulated by multiple organs and hormones.
- Bone's dual role as a structural component and endocrine organ is crucial for mineral balance.
- FGF23 is a key hormonal regulator originating from bone, impacting kidney phosphate handling and vitamin D metabolism.
Related Concept Videos
01:21Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
01:31Essential Minerals for Bone Health
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
01:27Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate
Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
01:18The Bone Matrix
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in acid or...
01:02What is the Skeletal System?
Overview