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Human rhinoviruses in severe respiratory disease in very low birth weight infants

E Kathryn Miller1, Jimena Bugna, Romina Libster

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-2007, USA.

Pediatrics
|December 28, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) frequently cause severe respiratory infections in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and lack of breastfeeding increase hospitalization risk for these vulnerable infants.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants are highly susceptible to respiratory infections.
  • Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are common viral pathogens, but their impact on VLBW infants is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the incidence and burden of HRV infections in VLBW infants.
  • To identify risk factors associated with HRV-related respiratory illness and hospitalization in this population.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study followed 119 VLBW infants in Buenos Aires over two years.
  • Nasal samples were collected during respiratory illnesses and tested for multiple viruses, including HRV, using RT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • HRV caused 55% of acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) and 40% of bronchiolitis cases in VLBW infants.
  • The incidence of HRV-associated ARI was 123 per 100 child-years, and hospitalization was 12 per 100 infant-years.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and not being breastfed were identified as risk factors for HRV-associated hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • HRV is a predominant and significant pathogen causing severe respiratory infections in VLBW infants.
  • Early identification of risk factors like bronchopulmonary dysplasia and feeding practices is crucial for managing HRV infections in this cohort.
Abstract

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