Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Overview of Regeneration and Repair01:19

Overview of Regeneration and Repair

Regeneration and repair processes are critical in healing damages caused by injury, disease, and aging. In regeneration, the damaged tissue is entirely replaced with new growth that restores the original architecture and function. In contrast, tissue repair usually results in a fixed tissue architecture involving scar formation. Scars generally do not reestablish tissue function and may also exhibit structural abnormalities at the injury site.
Regeneration
All animals have varying degrees of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Automated segmentation of neurons and spinal cord structures in immunofluorescence images using SpineDL.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

A Single-Nucleus Transcriptomic Atlas of the Mouse Lumbar Spinal Cord: Functional Implications of Non-Coding RNAs.

Biotech (Basel (Switzerland))·2025
Same author

Reanalysis of Published Histological Data Can Help to Characterize Neuronal Death After Spinal Cord Injury.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell load and disease severity are associated to an enhanced oligodendroglial production in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.

Neurobiology of disease·2025
Same author

Identification of a New Role of miR-199a-5p as Factor Implied in Neuronal Damage: Decreasing the Expression of Its Target X-Linked Anti-Apoptotic Protein (XIAP) After SCI.

International journal of molecular sciences·2024
Same author

MiR-138-5p Upregulation during Neuronal Maturation Parallels with an Increase in Neuronal Survival.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration
09:48

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration

Published on: May 3, 2017

Deer antler innervation and regeneration.

Manuel Nieto-Diaz1, Daniel Wolfgang Pita-Thomas, Teresa Munoz-Galdeano

  • 1Molecular Neuroprotection Group, Hospital Nacional de Paraplejicos (SESCAM), Finca la Peraleda s/n, 45071 Toledo (Spain). mnietod@sescam.jccm.es

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|December 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Deer antlers offer insights into nervous system regeneration. Their unique growth environment contains molecules that promote nerve regeneration, unlike hormonal influences, suggesting new therapeutic avenues.

More Related Videos

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration
09:48

Dorsal Root Ganglion Injection and Dorsal Root Crush Injury as a Model for Sensory Axon Regeneration

Published on: May 3, 2017

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid

Published on: August 8, 2017

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration
05:04

Facial Nerve Surgery in the Rat Model to Study Axonal Inhibition and Regeneration

Published on: May 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Mammalian Biology

Background:

  • Nervous system injuries cause significant disability.
  • Current clinical treatments are insufficient for restoring function after nerve damage.
  • Deer antlers exhibit remarkable annual regeneration, offering a model for studying nerve repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on deer antler innervation and regeneration.
  • To identify factors driving antler nerve regeneration and rapid growth.
  • To explore the potential of antler biology for advancing nervous system repair strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on antler innervation and growth factors.
  • Analysis of the molecular environment within growing deer antlers.
  • In vitro studies using rat sensory neurons to assess neurite outgrowth.

Main Results:

  • Growing antlers are densely innervated by sensory fibers from the trigeminal nerve, regenerating at rates up to 2 cm/day.
  • The antler's "velvet" environment, rich in blood vessels, contains molecules that promote neurite outgrowth in vitro.
  • Endocrine regulation, including known axon growth-promoting hormones, did not enhance neurite outgrowth in vitro.

Conclusions:

  • The deer antler serves as a valuable model for understanding nervous system regeneration.
  • Growth-promoting molecules in the antler velvet, not endocrine factors, appear crucial for nerve regeneration.
  • Further research into factors like electric potentials and mechanical stretch is warranted for nerve repair applications.