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Updated: Feb 9, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion
Published on: November 10, 2023
Pleural actinomycosis in a free-ranging river otter (Lontra canadensis)
Ann P Britton1, Erin Zabek, Helen Schwantje
1BC Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Health Centre, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford, British Columbia V3G 2M3, Canada. Ann.P.Britton@gov.bc.ca
Abstract:
Actinomycosis, presenting as chronic proliferative pyogranulomatous pleuritis associated with sulfur granules, was diagnosed in a mature male river otter (Lontra canadensis) captured near Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, in April 2010. The river otter died during sedation for clinical examination and was necropsied immediately. Bacteria of the genus Actinomyces are commensals of the mucous membranes in a wide range of animals and people that act as opportunistic pathogens. This is the first report of actinomycosis in a river otter.
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