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Related Concept Videos

Cell Migration01:19

Cell Migration

Cell migration is a process by which the cells move from one location to another, playing an essential role in embryological development, repair and regeneration, immune response, and metastasis. Cells migrate in response to chemical or mechanical signals generated by specific organs or tissues. The overall mechanism includes three steps - polarization, protrusion, and release. Polarization involves the formation of a distinct cell front and rear, which determines the direction of movement.
Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration01:32

Cytoskeletal Coordination in Cell Migration

A migrating cell changes its shape during the cyclic events of attachment and detachment from the substratum and repositions the cell organelles correspondingly. These complex events are orchestrated by the dynamic cytoskeletal network comprising actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. Cytoskeletal crosstalk — the direct and indirect communication between the different components — is crucial for this coordination. Direct communication involves various linker proteins that...
Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration01:21

Chemotaxis and Direction of Cell Migration

Cells can detect chemical cues in their environment and reorganize the cytoskeleton to migrate toward them or away from them. This directional migration, called chemotaxis, is essential during embryogenesis and development, immune response, tissue repair and regeneration, and reproduction. These chemical cues can either attract or repel the cell's movement. For example, axon development is determined by a combination of chemoattractants and chemorepellents that direct the growing axon towards...
Role of Myosin in Cell Migration01:18

Role of Myosin in Cell Migration

Myosins are multimeric motor proteins involved in various cellular processes such as migration, adhesion, and proliferation. Myosin II is the most common type in animal cells, which binds and cross-links actin filaments.
Myosin II  is a hexamer comprising two heavy chains with globular heads and coiled-coil tails, two regulatory light chains, and two essential light chains. The ATPase sites on the myosin heads hydrolyze ATP, and the released phosphate generates the force for contraction. It is...
Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia01:35

Cancer Cell Migration through Invadopodia

Invadosome is a broad category of cell surface structures with proteolytic activity that  degrades the extracellular matrix (ECM). Invadosomes are present in normal cell types, including macrophages, endothelial cells, and neurons, as well as tumor cells. Although the macrophage podosomes and tumor cell invadopodia are classified as invadosomes, they have different structures, molecular pathways, and functions. Podosomes are short structures that last for a few minutes. However, invadopodia can...

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Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration
10:53

Traction Microscopy Integrated with Microfluidics for Chemotactic Collective Migration

Published on: October 13, 2019

Multi-cellular logistics of collective cell migration.

Masataka Yamao1, Honda Naoki, Shin Ishii

  • 1Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, Japan.

Plos One
|December 30, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Cellular stochasticity, or random movement, is crucial for collective cell migration during development. This study reveals how noise from individual cells dictates whether they migrate together or disperse.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cellular Biophysics
  • Systems Biology

Background:

  • Multicellular biological network formation relies on cell migration.
  • Cellular locomotion in crowded environments is complex and stochastic.
  • The role of stochasticity in coordinated multicellular migration is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the principles governing multicellular migration.
  • To explore how single-cell stochasticity influences collective cell movement.
  • To model and analyze the migration dynamics of neural crest cells.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a mechanical model for multicellular migration.
  • Computational simulations to observe migration patterns.
  • Theoretical analysis of cell-cell interactions and stochasticity.

Main Results:

  • Migration mode (collective vs. dispersive) depends on noise levels from migratory and non-migratory cells.
  • Strong noise from migratory cells and weak noise from surrounding cells promotes collective migration.
  • Migratory cells exhibit long-range attraction mediated by stochasticity, even without direct contact.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell stochastic behavior is essential for precise collective migration in multicellular systems.
  • Noise dynamics can effectively regulate complex developmental processes like neural crest cell migration.
  • The study proposes a novel mechanism where randomness drives coordinated multicellular transport.