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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

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Author Spotlight: In Vivo Assessment of Thyroid Hormone Disruption Using the THAI Mouse Model
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Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis.

Petra Zimmermann1, Enno Stranzinger

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Freiburgstrasse, Bern, 3010, Switzerland. petra.zimmermann@insel.ch

Pediatric Radiology
|December 31, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hashimoto thyroiditis can cause sudden neurological symptoms like weakness in children. Prompt diagnosis and high-dose corticosteroid treatment led to a full recovery in an 11-year-old girl.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Pediatric stroke is rare but can present with diverse neurological deficits.
  • Autoimmune thyroid diseases, such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, are increasingly recognized as potential extra-thyroidal manifestations.
  • Cervical artery ultrasound is a valuable tool for evaluating potential vascular and inflammatory causes of neurological symptoms.

Observation:

  • An 11-year-old girl experienced acute onset of sensory disturbance and left-sided hemiparesis.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified ischemic lesions in the right thalamus and internal capsule.
  • Cervical artery sonography incidentally revealed thyroid gland inflammation.

Findings:

  • Thyroid function tests and antibody titers confirmed Hashimoto thyroiditis.
  • The patient's neurological deficits were attributed to Hashimoto thyroiditis-associated vasculitis or hypercoagulability.
  • High-dose corticosteroid therapy resulted in complete neurological recovery.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering autoimmune thyroid disease in the differential diagnosis of pediatric stroke.
  • Early recognition and management of Hashimoto thyroiditis may prevent long-term neurological sequelae in affected children.
  • Cervical artery ultrasound can provide crucial diagnostic clues beyond vascular assessment.