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Related Concept Videos

Veins of Head and Neck01:19

Veins of Head and Neck

The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
Muscles that Move the Head01:19

Muscles that Move the Head

The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
07:01

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)

Published on: February 7, 2025

CT head in children.

Padma Rao1, Elhamy Bekhit, Fiona Ramanauskas

  • 1Royal Children's Hospital and the University of Melbourne, Medical Imaging Department, Flemington Road, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia. padma.rao@rch.org.au

European Journal of Radiology
|January 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computerized tomography (CT) has advanced, improving pediatric imaging. Careful justification and optimization are crucial for safe and effective use in diagnosing childhood conditions.

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Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography
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Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)
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A Pediatric Concussion Model in Mice: Closed Head Injury with Long-Term Disorders (CHILD)

Published on: February 7, 2025

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography
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Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric radiology
  • Medical imaging technology

Background:

  • Computerized technology (CT) advancements have significantly altered pediatric imaging protocols.
  • Newer techniques like CT perfusion and complex reconstructions expand diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of CT advancements on pediatric imaging.
  • To highlight the importance of justification and optimization in pediatric CT scans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advancements in CT technology relevant to pediatric imaging.
  • Discussion of the influence of scan speed, radiation safety, and image optimization.

Main Results:

  • Increased scanning speed reduces the need for sedation and minimizes motion artifacts.
  • Enhanced CT techniques broaden the range of demonstrable pathologies.
  • Radiation safety concerns necessitate careful justification for CT use.

Conclusions:

  • CT remains an appropriate investigation for specific pediatric conditions.
  • Familiarity with normal variants and age-related changes is essential for accurate interpretation.
  • Optimized CT protocols balance diagnostic yield with radiation safety in children.