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Related Concept Videos

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

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Published on: April 18, 2011

Demographic differences in systemic inflammatory response syndrome score after trauma.

Elizabeth G NeSmith1, Sally P Weinrich, Jeannette O Andrews

  • 1Department of Physiological and Technological Nursing, College of Nursing, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, 30912, USA. bnesmith@georgiahealth.edu

American Journal of Critical Care : an Official Publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses
|January 3, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Demographic factors influence trauma outcomes. African Americans experienced fewer systemic inflammatory response syndrome occurrences and lower white blood cell counts post-trauma compared to white patients.

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Systems Analysis of the Neuroinflammatory and Hemodynamic Response to Traumatic Brain Injury
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Area of Science:

  • Trauma critical care
  • Sepsis and inflammation research
  • Health disparities

Background:

  • Limited data on demographic differences in trauma outcomes.
  • Chronic disease disparities are known, but trauma (acute injury) data is scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the link between post-trauma systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) scores and patient race/ethnicity.
  • Examine the relationship between SIRS scores and socioeconomic status.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of 246 trauma patients (age 18-44) admitted to ICU.
  • Analyzed SIRS scores, race, and socioeconomic status (insurance, employment).
  • Used descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests for analysis.

Main Results:

  • African Americans (n=94) showed fewer SIRS occurrences (P=.04) versus whites.
  • African Americans had a 14% lower mean white blood cell count on ICU admission (15,200/μL vs 17,700/μL; P<.001).

Conclusions:

  • Significant demographic differences exist in post-trauma SIRS scores.
  • Further research in larger populations is needed.
  • Basic science and translational studies are required to elucidate underlying mechanisms.