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Hypnosis: placebo or nonplacebo?

R Van Dyck1, K Hoogduin

  • 1Free University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Psychotherapy
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Hypnotherapy effectiveness varies by condition. While not linked to hypnotizability for addiction, it shows benefits for pain and anxiety, potentially through placebo effects and positive expectations.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Medical Hypnosis

Background:

  • Grünbaum's definition distinguishes nonplacebo therapies by their theoretical basis.
  • Hypnotizability, a measurable trait, is proposed as the basis for hypnotic effects.
  • Existing research suggests placebo effects are independent of hypnotizability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the relationship between hypnotizability and hypnotherapy outcomes.
  • To determine if hypnotherapy's effects align with its underlying theory.
  • To explore the role of placebo effects in hypnotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental literature on placebo effects and hypnotizability.
  • Analysis of clinical outcome studies on hypnotherapy for various disorders.
  • Examination of hypnosis as a tool for generating positive expectancies.

Main Results:

  • Placebo effects in hypnosis are not correlated with hypnotizability.
  • Hypnotherapy outcomes for pain and anxiety are linked to hypnotizability.
  • Hypnotherapy shows no relation to hypnotizability in treating addiction or habit disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Hypnotherapy's efficacy is disorder-dependent and related to hypnotizability in some cases.
  • Hypnosis can be therapeutically valuable for its placebo effects, enhancing positive expectancies.
  • The theoretical basis of hypnotherapy requires further clarification regarding hypnotizability and placebo components.

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