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Related Experiment Video

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Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

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Published on: November 11, 2022

General, Specific and Unique Cognitive Factors Involved in Anxiety and Depressive Disorders.

J Drost¹, A J W Van der Does, N Antypa

¹Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Wassenaarseweg 52, 2333 AK Leiden, The Netherlands.

Cognitive Therapy and Research

|November 13, 2012

Summary

Cognitive factors like anxiety sensitivity and worry offer unique insights into anxiety and depressive disorders, beyond personality traits. These findings enhance our understanding of these conditions in both symptomatic and remitted patients.

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Last Updated: May 17, 2026

Social Isolation Model: A Noninvasive Rodent Model of Stress and Anxiety

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Published on: November 11, 2022

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Reducing State Anxiety Using Working Memory Maintenance

Published on: July 19, 2017

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Clinical Psychology
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Comorbidity between anxiety and depressive disorders is prevalent.
The Integrative Hierarchical Model suggests disorders have general, specific, and unique components.
Research on this model is limited by small sample sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the incremental validity of cognitive constructs (Anxiety Sensitivity, Pathological Worry, Cognitive Reactivity) in anxiety and depression.
To differentiate these cognitive components beyond personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion).

Main Methods:

Utilized data from 1,111 symptomatic and 834 remitted patients from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA).
Examined cognitive constructs (Anxiety Sensitivity, Pathological Worry, Cognitive Reactivity) and personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion).

Main Results:

Anxiety Sensitivity was specific to social anxiety disorder and panic disorder.
Aggression Reactivity uniquely characterized dysthymia.
Rumination on Sadness was unique to major depressive disorder.
Cognitive constructs showed incremental validity over personality traits.

Conclusions:

Cognitive constructs provide additional value in understanding anxiety and depressive disorders.
These cognitive factors are not merely epiphenomena of current disorders.
Findings support the differentiation of cognitive components within anxiety and depression.