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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

Telaprevir user's guide.

Ann Marie Liapakis1, Ira Jacobson

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.

Liver International : Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver
|January 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telaprevir combined with PR significantly improves sustained virological response (SVR) in Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype 1 patients. Response-guided therapy is effective for treatment-naïve patients and relapsers.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotype 1 infection requires effective treatment strategies.
  • Telaprevir is a potent inhibitor of the HCV NS3/4A protease.
  • Pegylated interferon alfa and ribavirin (PR) is a standard treatment regimen.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of telaprevir combined with PR for HCV genotype 1.
  • To assess response-guided therapy in treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients.
  • To identify stopping rules for telaprevir-based regimens.

Main Methods:

  • The ADVANCE trial assessed telaprevir + PR followed by PR in treatment-naïve patients.
  • The ILLUMINATE trial explored response-guided therapy based on extended rapid virologic response (eRVR).
  • The REALIZE trial evaluated telaprevir + PR in treatment-experienced patients with varying response levels.

Main Results:

  • Telaprevir + PR achieved 75% SVR in treatment-naïve patients versus 46% with PR alone.
  • SVR rates in experienced patients varied: 86% (relapsers), 57% (partial responders), 31% (null responders).
  • Adverse events included rash, anemia, pruritus, diarrhea, and nausea.

Conclusions:

  • Telaprevir-based regimens significantly enhance SVR rates for HCV genotype 1.
  • Response-guided therapy is suitable for treatment-naïve patients and relapsers.
  • Stopping rules based on viral load at weeks 4 and 12 can guide treatment discontinuation.