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Related Concept Videos

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria01:29

Coordination of Gene Expression Processes in Bacteria

The DNA replication, transcription, and translation processes are intricately coupled in bacteria, allowing efficient gene expression and rapid protein synthesis. While this physical and functional coordination is advantageous, it introduces challenges that bacteria overcome through specific regulatory mechanisms.Coupling of Replication, Transcription, and TranslationThe coupling of replication, transcription, and translation is a hallmark of bacterial gene expression. As the replisome unwinds...
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

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Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence01:28

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Pathogenic bacteria employ a range of regulatory mechanisms to modulate the expression of virulence genes in response to environmental and host-derived signals. These mechanisms ensure that virulence factors are expressed only under favorable conditions, thereby optimizing infection and survival strategies.Mechanisms of Virulence RegulationKey regulatory strategies include:Two-Component Systems: These consist of a membrane-bound sensor kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator. Environmental...
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
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Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature01:27

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Temperature

Microorganisms display remarkable adaptations, enabling them to thrive in diverse ecological niches across a wide range of temperatures. Temperature profoundly influences microbial growth by affecting enzymatic activity, membrane fluidity, and other cellular processes.Each microorganism operates within a specific temperature range defined by three cardinal points: minimum, optimum, and maximum. Below the minimum temperature, membranes lose fluidity, halting transport processes. Above the...
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Prokaryotic Transcriptional Activators and Repressors

The organization of prokaryotic genes in their genome is notably different from that of eukaryotes. Prokaryotic genes are organized, such that the genes for proteins involved in the same biochemical process or function are located together in groups. This group of genes, along with their regulatory elements, are collectively known as an operon. The functional genes in an operon are transcribed together to give a single strand of mRNA known as polycistronic mRNA.
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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Bacterial gene expression at low temperatures.

J T Trevors1, A K Bej, N Mojib

  • 1Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Environmental Sciences, Rm. 3220 Bovey Bldg., University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada. jtrevors@uoguelph.ca

Extremophiles : Life Under Extreme Conditions
|January 4, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Low temperatures trigger bacterial responses like altered cell structures and a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, where gene expression is undetectable. This study examines gene expression in environmental bacteria under cold stress.

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Published on: May 28, 2007

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Suboptimal temperatures induce bacterial stress responses, including extended lag phases and altered cell membrane properties.
  • Cells may enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, characterized by undetectable gene expression.
  • Environmental bacteria face challenges in maintaining viability and function under low temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate gene expression patterns in non-psychrophilic environmental bacteria exposed to low temperatures.
  • To analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying bacterial adaptation and survival under cold stress.
  • To discuss the advantages and limitations of various gene expression analysis methods in this context.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of gene expression in non-psychrophilic bacteria under controlled low-temperature conditions.
  • Assessment of cellular changes, including membrane fluidity and integrity.
  • Evaluation of molecular techniques for quantifying gene expression, such as transcriptomics and proteomics.

Main Results:

  • Low temperatures significantly impact bacterial gene expression, leading to metabolic shifts and potential entry into the VBNC state.
  • Alterations in cytoplasmic membrane fluidity and permeability are observed.
  • Specific gene expression profiles correlate with stress response and survival strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Bacterial gene expression is highly sensitive to suboptimal temperatures, influencing survival and physiological states.
  • Understanding these responses is crucial for predicting microbial behavior in cold environments.
  • Methodological choices significantly affect the ability to accurately measure gene expression under stress conditions.