Chemical and topographical patterning of hydrogels for neural cell guidance in vitro

This review focuses on hydrogels and their patterning techniques in relation to central nervous system applications, with emphasis on synthetic and natural materials and chemical and topographical patterning techniques. We describe the properties of hydrogel materials and various techniques used in hydrogel patterning methods. Also, the applicability and utilization of patterned hydrogels with neural cells is discussed. Surface chemistry and topography significantly affect cell behaviour, including cell attachment, migration and maturation. Although several patterning techniques are described in the literature, a review of techniques applicable to hydrogel materials is needed. Use of these patterned cell-hydrogel constructs might provide novel ways to treat central nervous system deficits in the future.