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Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber Reinforced Concrete

Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...

Ferrocement

Ferrocement

Ferro-cement is a distinctive construction material that represents an innovative variant of reinforced concrete, characterized by its unique composition and the method by which it is formed. Unlike standard reinforced concrete, which relies on larger steel bars for reinforcement, ferro-cement utilizes densely packed layers of mesh or fine rods, fully encased in cement mortar. This composition allows for the creation of structures that are significantly thinner and more flexible than their...

Finishing Concrete

Finishing Concrete

Concrete finishing starts immediately after the concrete has been placed and consolidated. The initial step, screeding, involves leveling the concrete surface by removing excess material to flush it with the formwork's top. Following this, bull float or darby are employed to smooth the surface further, effectively lower high spots, fill low areas, and ensure larger aggregate particles are embedded within the concrete. This preparation is critical before the appearance of bleed water, as its...

Curing of Concrete

Curing of Concrete

The hydration of cement takes place within the water-filled capillary pores. However, environmental elements can disrupt this process by evaporating water from the concrete surfaces. Sealed concrete with a water-cement ratio below 0.5 experiences self-desiccation, leading to water loss. The water loss in concrete is mitigated by curing. This technique involves keeping the concrete saturated to maintain the necessary temperature and moisture conditions, to optimally fill the spaces in the cement...

Carbonation Shrinkage

Carbonation Shrinkage

Atmospheric CO2 penetrates the concrete's pores and, in the presence of moisture, forms carbonic acid, which then reacts with calcium hydroxide in the hydrated cement, forming calcium carbonate. This process reduces the concrete's volume and is termed carbonation shrinkage.
The concrete's permeability is slightly reduced as calcium carbonate produced during the reaction fills its pores. Furthermore, its strength is slightly enhanced as the water released during the reaction facilitates the...

Corrosion of Reinforcement

Corrosion of Reinforcement

The corrosion of steel reinforcement within concrete is a process influenced by the material's inherent properties and external factors. The high pH level of around 13, provided by calcium hydroxide present in concrete, initially protects the steel reinforcement by promoting the formation of a passive iron oxide layer on its surface.
However, over time and under certain conditions like carbonation, chloride ingress, and cracking this protective state can be compromised. Steel has areas with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

Published on: January 7, 2019

Collagen-Based Scaffolds for Meniscal Repair and Regeneration.

Yizhuo Wang¹, Jenny Shepherd¹

¹School of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicestershire, Leicester, UK, le.ac.uk.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine

|January 7, 2026

Summary

Collagen scaffolds show promise for repairing meniscal injuries, addressing the limited healing of knee meniscus tissue. Advances in fabrication and enhancement offer potential for better clinical outcomes.

Keywords:

collagen scaffolds meniscal repair tissue engineering

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Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Fabrication of Decellularized Cartilage-derived Matrix Scaffolds

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Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

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Fabrication and Characterization of Layer-By-Layer Janus Base Nano-Matrix to Promote Cartilage Regeneration

Fabrication and Characterization of Layer-By-Layer Janus Base Nano-Matrix to Promote Cartilage Regeneration

Published on: July 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Orthopedic Surgery
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Meniscal injuries pose clinical challenges due to poor self-healing and suboptimal repair outcomes.
Collagen is vital for meniscal biomechanics and regeneration, making it a key target for repair strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent progress in collagen scaffold technology for meniscal repair.
To explore materials, fabrication, and in vivo interactions of collagen scaffolds.

Main Methods:

Literature review of collagen scaffold advancements.
Analysis of collagen extraction and scaffold fabrication techniques.
Evaluation of in vivo cell interactions and tissue regeneration.

Main Results:

Collagen scaffolds are being enhanced via crosslinking and polymer reinforcement for improved mechanical properties.
Strategies for controlled degradation and biological integration are advancing.
In vivo studies show potential for collagen scaffolds to guide meniscal tissue regeneration.

Conclusions:

Collagen-based scaffolds represent a promising approach for clinical meniscal repair.
Further research is needed to overcome challenges in mechanical durability and long-term scaffold stability.