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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

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Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Desmosomes01:05

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The term desmosome derives from the Greek words "desmo" and "soma" meaning "adhesion bodies." This structure was first observed during the late 1800s and described as small, dense nodules in the epidermis. Desmosomes are button-like structures that help form an interlinked network of intermediate filaments across the cells. These junctions are  essential to hold cells together under mechanical stress and to maintain tissue integrity. Desmosomes are multi-protein...
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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Tension Response at Adherens Junctions01:26

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The adherens junctions that anchor cells together are multi-protein complexes that dynamically adapt to mechanical stimuli such as tensile forces and shear stress. Mechanosensory proteins in these junctions can sense such mechanical stimuli and undergo a shift in their conformation, resulting in an altered function — a process called mechanotransduction.
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Wet Chemistry and Peptide Immobilization on Polytetrafluoroethylene for Improved Cell-adhesion
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Keratin Additive for Cellular Adhesion in Transcutaneous Prosthetics.

A L Cagle1, E L Szulc1, J Flaggert1

  • 1Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, 03755, USA, dartmouth.edu.

Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|January 1, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Hydrolyzed keratin enhances cell adhesion in tissue engineering scaffolds. Optimal concentrations improve cell counts and material properties for dermal applications, showing promise for wound healing and prosthetics.

Keywords:
cryogelelectrospinningimplantskeratinpercutaneoustissue engineeringtranscutaneous

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Dermal Regeneration

Background:

  • The skin's dermal barrier is crucial for protection but difficult to restore after rupture.
  • Transcutaneous interventions require robust barrier restoration methods.
  • Phalangeal nails offer insights into biological barrier phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hydrolyzed keratin as an additive for dermal tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • To assess keratin's effect on cell adhesion and scaffold properties.
  • To identify optimal keratin concentrations for electrospun fibers and cryogels.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of electrospun fibers and chitosan-gelatin cryogels with varying keratin concentrations.
  • Testing of scaffold surface properties, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility.
  • Evaluation of cell adhesion and proliferation on keratin-modified scaffolds.

Main Results:

  • Hydrolyzed keratin positively influenced cell adhesion and proliferation.
  • Optimal keratin concentrations (5-7 wt/wt% for fibers, 3-5 wt/v% for cryogels) enhanced cell counts and material properties.
  • High keratin concentrations negatively impacted scaffold integrity and mechanical strength.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrolyzed keratin is a promising additive for dermal tissue engineering scaffolds.
  • Specific keratin concentrations optimize cell adhesion and material performance in electrospun fibers and cryogels.
  • This approach holds potential for improving transcutaneous interventions and wound healing.