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Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

MicroRNAs

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

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[microRNA in autoimmune disorders].

Masatoshi Jinnin¹

¹Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Kumamoto University, Japan.

Nihon Rinsho Men'Eki Gakkai Kaishi = Japanese Journal of Clinical Immunology

|January 5, 2012

Summary

MicroRNAs regulate gene expression and are involved in autoimmune diseases. Understanding their role may lead to new diagnostic biomarkers and therapies for conditions like scleroderma.

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Immunology

Context:

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short RNA molecules regulating gene expression.
They target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), influencing protein production.
Dysregulation of miRNAs is linked to various human disorders.

Purpose:

To review the expression and role of miRNAs in autoimmune diseases.
To explore the potential of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Summary:

MicroRNAs bind to target mRNAs, inhibiting translation or causing degradation.
Over 1000 miRNAs in the human genome target approximately 60% of mRNAs.
This paper examines miRNA involvement in rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, lupus, scleroderma, type I diabetes, and psoriasis.

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An Adoptive Transfer Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Mice

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Impact:

Down-regulation of miR-29 in scleroderma fibroblasts correlates with excessive collagen production.
Restoring miR-29 levels decreases collagen expression in scleroderma.
Decreased serum miR-29a levels indicate early-stage scleroderma, suggesting potential as a biomarker.