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Updated: May 7, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Biomarker-based clustering identifies distinct pulmonary function trajectories in early systemic sclerosis.

Saori Uesugi-Uchida¹, Yoshihide Asano², Hirahito Endo³

¹Department of Dermatology, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan.

Frontiers in Immunology

|May 6, 2026

Summary

Biomarker profiles in systemic sclerosis (SSc) can identify distinct patient subgroups with varying interstitial lung disease (ILD) trajectories. This aids in early risk stratification for SSc-ILD, improving patient management.

Keywords:

adhesion molecule biomarkers chemokines cluster analysis cohort studies interstitial lung disease mixed-effects model systemic sclerosis

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Pulmonology
Biomarker Discovery

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease with interstitial lung disease (ILD) significantly impacting mortality.
Chemokines and adhesion molecules are implicated in SSc's inflammatory, vascular, and fibrotic processes.
Circulating levels of these molecules may reflect disease progression, but their role in predicting pulmonary outcomes is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if serum chemokine and adhesion molecule profiles can stratify early severe SSc patients into subgroups with distinct pulmonary trajectories.
To assess the potential utility of these biomarkers for early risk stratification in SSc-ILD.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from early severe SSc patients (n=92).
Quantification of serum levels for five chemokines and four soluble adhesion molecules at baseline.
K-means clustering to classify patients based on biomarker profiles.
Comparison of pulmonary function changes (%VC) among identified clusters.

Main Results:

Three patient clusters were identified based on biomarker profiles.
Cluster 1 (elevated sICAM-1, sE-selectin) showed an early but attenuating decline in %VC.
Cluster 2 (elevated CCL2, CXCL8, sP-selectin) exhibited a progressive decline in %VC.
Cluster 3 (no distinct pattern) served as a stable reference group.

Conclusions:

Serum chemokine and adhesion molecule profiles can stratify early severe SSc patients into biologically distinct subgroups.
These subgroups demonstrate different pulmonary function trajectories, suggesting potential for early risk stratification in SSc-ILD.