Intestinal injury from blunt abdominal trauma: a study of 47 cases

To determine the cause, presentation, anatomical distribution, diagnostic method, management and outcome of intestinal injuries from blunt abdominal trauma.

The study included 47 patients who underwent laparotomy for intestinal injuries from blunt abdominal trauma over a period of 4 years. A retrospective study was conducted and the patients were analyzed with respect to the cause, presentation, anatomical distribution, diagnostic methods, associated injuries, treatment and mortality.

47 patients with 62 major injuries to the bowel and mesentery due to blunt abdominal trauma were reviewed. The male to female ratio was 8.4: 1 and the average age was 34.98 years. There were 44 injuries to the small intestine including 1 duodenal injury, 11 colonic injuries and 7 injuries to the mesentry. 26 patients were injured in road traffic accidents. Out of 29 patients with intestinal perforation, free peritoneal air was present on plain abdominal and chest radiography in 23 patients. 18 patients underwent laparotomy on the basis of clinical findings alone. The commonest injury was a perforation at the antimesentric border of the small bowel. Treatment consisted of simple closure of the perforation, resection and anastomosis and repair followed by protective colostomy for colonic perforations. 3 (6.38%) deaths were recorded, while 8 (17.02%) patients developed major complications.

Although early recognition of intestinal injuries from blunt abdominal trauma is difficult, it is very important due to its tremendous infectious potential. Intestinal perforations are often associated with severe injuries which are probably be the determining factors in survival.