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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function. They...
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of its...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
08:18

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Published on: December 26, 2015

Is donepezil effective for multiple sclerosis-related cognitive dysfunction? A critically appraised topic.

Cumara B O'Carroll1, Bryan K Woodruff, Dona E Locke

  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Education Administration, Mayo Clinic, 13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85255, USA.

The Neurologist
|January 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil did not significantly improve cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Further research may explore benefits in those with more severe baseline cognitive impairment.

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A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
07:02

A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development

Published on: February 11, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is prevalent in multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting about half of patients.
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors are established treatments for cognitive impairment in degenerative dementias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, for treating cognitive impairment associated with MS.
  • Critically appraise the existing evidence on donepezil's efficacy in MS-related cognitive dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • A structured critically appraised topic methodology was employed.
  • Included a clinical scenario, literature search, critical appraisal of a randomized control trial, and expert review.
  • Participants comprised neurologists, a librarian, and clinical epidemiologists.

Main Results:

  • A randomized trial compared donepezil 10 mg daily to placebo in MS patients over 24 weeks.
  • No significant improvements were observed in primary memory outcomes or secondary cognitive measures.
  • Post hoc analysis indicated a potential trend favoring donepezil in patients with more severe baseline cognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Donepezil at 10 mg daily for 24 weeks did not demonstrate superiority over placebo for MS-related cognitive dysfunction.
  • The findings do not support the routine use of donepezil for this indication based on current evidence.