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In Situ Hybridization Techniques for Paraffin-Embedded Adult Coral Samples

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Evolution of patterns on Conus shells.

Zhenqiang Gong¹, Nichilos J Matzke, Bard Ermentrout

¹Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|January 6, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Shell patterns in Conus snails are produced by a neural network model of the mantle. Researchers inferred the evolutionary history of this model to reconstruct ancestral shell patterns, revealing developmental constraints on evolution.

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Area of Science:

Evolutionary biology
Computational neuroscience
Paleontology

Background:

The genus Conus exhibits diverse shell pigmentation patterns.
The mantle's neural network is hypothesized to generate these patterns.
Understanding the evolution of complex phenotypes is challenging due to the lack of fossilized soft tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

To model Conus shell pigmentation using a neural network.
To infer the evolutionary history of the neural network parameters.
To reconstruct ancestral pigmentation patterns and understand developmental constraints on evolution.

Main Methods:

A neural-network model of the mantle was developed.
Model parameters were fitted to shell pigmentation data from 19 Conus species.
Phylogenetic analysis was used to infer the evolutionary history of model parameters.
Ancestral pigmentation patterns were inferred using the evolutionary history.

Main Results:

The neural-network model successfully replicated observed shell pigmentation patterns.
The evolutionary history of mantle neural network parameters was inferred.
Inferred ancestral patterns sometimes extended beyond the range of extant species' patterns.
Developmental processes were shown to impose constraints on the evolution of shell phenotypes.

Conclusions:

Neural network models can simulate complex biological patterns and their evolution.
The study provides a method to infer the evolutionary history of non-fossilizable organs.
Developmental constraints play a significant role in shaping evolutionary trajectories of complex traits.