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Related Concept Videos

Acid and Bases: Ka, pKa, and Relative Strengths02:35

Acid and Bases: Ka, pKa, and Relative Strengths

This lesson delves into a critical aspect of the relative strengths of acids and bases. The strength of an acid is evaluated by the acid dissociation into its conjugate base and a hydronium ion in water. The complete dissociation of a strong acid is confirmed with a very high concentration of hydronium ions. As a result, an incomplete dissociation process affirms a weak acid. Therefore, the equilibrium is in the forward direction for strong acids and backward for weak acids in these reactions.
Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base01:23

Titration of Polyprotic Acids with a Strong Base

Titration of a polyprotic acid, which contains multiple ionizable protons, involves distinct dissociation steps, each with its own dissociation constant (Ka). Each successive Ka is weaker than the previous one. In the titration of a polyprotic acid like sulfurous acid with a strong base such as sodium hydroxide, the base first neutralizes the initial ionizable proton, forming an intermediate species (e.g., hydrogen sulfite ions). This step's titration curve resembles that of a weak monoprotic...
Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process. If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
Polyprotic Acids03:38

Polyprotic Acids

Acids are classified by the number of protons per molecule that they can give up in a reaction. Acids such as HCl, HNO3, and HCN that contain one ionizable hydrogen atom in each molecule are called monoprotic acids. Their reactions with water are:

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Preparation and Reactivity of a Triphosphenium Bromide Salt: A Convenient and Stable Source of Phosphorus(I)
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Potassium penta-borate.

Qi Wu1

  • 1Department of Power Engineering, Xian Aeronautical College, Xian 710077, People's Republic of China.

Acta Crystallographica. Section E, Structure Reports Online
|January 6, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers synthesized a novel potassium polyborate compound, K[B(5)O(7)(OH)(2)], using hydrothermal methods. This study reveals its unique helical chain structure formed by linked polyborate anions and stabilized by potassium ions and hydrogen bonds.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Borate compounds exhibit diverse structures and properties.
  • Understanding polyborate structures is crucial for developing new materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel potassium polyborate compound.
  • To elucidate the crystal structure and bonding of K[B(5)O(7)(OH)(2)].

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.

Main Results:

  • The title compound, K[B(5)O(7)(OH)(2)], was successfully synthesized.
  • The crystal structure features a polyborate anion, (∞)[B(5)O(7)(OH)(2)](-), with linked six-membered rings.
  • A helical chain structure is formed by the polyborate units, extended by K-O bonds and hydrogen bonds into a 3D framework.

Conclusions:

  • The study presents a new potassium polyborate with a unique helical chain architecture.
  • The K-O bonds and hydrogen bonding play a significant role in stabilizing the three-dimensional structure.
  • This finding contributes to the understanding of borate chemistry and crystal engineering.