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Lampbrush Chromosomes

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

Lampbrush Chromosomes

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

Genomics

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...

Next-generation Sequencing

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.

Genome Annotation and Assembly

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.

Evolution of Microbial Genome

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

Published on: December 7, 2021

ABrowse--a customizable next-generation genome browser framework.

Lei Kong¹, Jun Wang, Shuqi Zhao

¹College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P.R. China.

BMC Bioinformatics

|January 7, 2012

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

ABrowse is a customizable genome browser framework offering interactive visualization, open data access, and collaborative tools. This flexible platform supports researchers, data providers, and developers in genome research projects.

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Published on: December 22, 2017

Area of Science:

Bioinformatics
Genomics
Computational Biology

Background:

Genome sequencing projects necessitate advanced genome browsers.
Current browsers require customization for diverse research needs.

Purpose of the Study:

Develop a general-purpose genome browser framework (ABrowse).
Enhance interactive browsing, data access, and collaboration for genome research.

Main Methods:

Utilized next-generation web technologies.
Implemented Google-map-like smooth navigation for interactive experience.
Developed an online user-space for comments, annotations, and landmarks.

Main Results:

ABrowse provides interactive browsing, open data access, and collaborative support.
Supports multiple data access approaches for external platforms.
Offers high customizability for data providers, including data import utilities and SQL integration.
Enables developers to integrate new drawing strategies and provides standard web services for remote data retrieval.

Conclusions:

ABrowse framework benefits end users, data providers, and developers.
Offers rich user functions and flexible customization.
Source code is available under GNU GPL v3.0.
A live demo for Arabidopsis thaliana genome is accessible online.