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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal crystal...
X-ray Imaging01:24

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with X-rays, and by 1900, X-ray was widely...

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Related Experiment Video

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Fixed Target Serial Data Collection at Diamond Light Source
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X-ray sources and high-throughput data collection methods.

Gyorgy Snell1

  • 1Takeda San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. GSNELL@TAKEDASD.COM

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|January 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary

This chapter details X-ray diffraction methods for protein crystallography, crucial for structure-based drug design (SBDD). It covers X-ray generation, experimental setups, and efficient data collection for determining numerous protein-ligand complex structures.

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Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • X-ray diffraction is fundamental to protein structure determination.
  • Structure-based drug design (SBDD) relies on understanding protein-ligand interactions.
  • Timely determination of multiple complex structures is essential for SBDD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of X-ray sources and data collection techniques for protein crystallography.
  • To support structure-based drug design (SBDD) efforts by detailing efficient experimental methods.
  • To guide the determination of numerous protein-ligand complex structures.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of X-ray generation and manipulation techniques.
  • Description of diffraction experiment setups.
  • Methods for efficient crystal screening and data collection for large-scale studies.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of X-ray diffraction principles and applications in SBDD.
  • Detailed explanation of experimental components and procedures.
  • Strategies for optimizing throughput in crystallographic studies.

Conclusions:

  • X-ray diffraction is a vital tool for protein structure determination in SBDD.
  • Efficient experimental design and data collection are key to accelerating drug discovery.
  • This chapter provides foundational knowledge for researchers in structural biology and medicinal chemistry.