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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
The papillary layer is made of loose, areolar connective tissue, which means the collagen and...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands

A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
These glands that produce the oils on the skin and hair are holocrine glands. The mature...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
05:39

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

Published on: May 16, 2025

[Generalized erythrosquamous dermatosis].

T Weberschock1, I Hausser, P Gholam

  • 1Universitäts-Hautklinik Heidelberg, Vossstr. 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Deutschland. tweberschock@gmx.de

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|January 7, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epidermolytic ichthyosis is a congenital skin disorder causing generalized erythema and hyperkeratosis due to keratin gene mutations. Lifelong management is essential for affected individuals, though life expectancy is normal post-childhood.

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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Dermoscopy Aids in the Diagnosis of Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
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Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis
10:27

Recognition of Epidermal Transglutaminase by IgA and Tissue Transglutaminase 2 Antibodies in a Rare Case of Rhesus Dermatitis

Published on: December 15, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Ichthyosis is a group of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaling skin.
  • Epidermolytic ichthyosis (EI) is a severe form of congenital ichthyosis.
  • EI results from mutations in keratin genes, affecting skin structure and integrity.

Observation:

  • A 21-year-old male presented with lifelong generalized erythema, erosions, and hyperkeratosis.
  • Histological examination showed epidermolytic hyperkeratosis with degeneration of the upper epidermis.
  • Abnormal keratin aggregations were observed in perinuclear deposits.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with epidermolytic ichthyosis.
  • The condition is caused by mutations in keratin 1 or 10 genes.
  • These mutations disrupt structural integrity in the spinous and granular layers, leading to compensatory hyperkeratosis.

Implications:

  • Epidermolytic ichthyosis requires lifelong therapeutic and skin care management.
  • Despite the severity, life expectancy is normal after childhood for individuals with EI.
  • Understanding the genetic basis aids in diagnosis and potential future therapeutic strategies.