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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes
13:36

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Published on: October 20, 2023

Siglecs and immune regulation.

Shiv Pillai1, Ilka Arun Netravali, Annaiah Cariappa

  • 1Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA. pillai@helix.mgh.harvard.edu

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) are immune cell receptors regulating inflammation and immune cell function. These versatile molecules play key roles in immune tolerance and activation across various immune cells.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes
13:36

Generation of Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells with Differing Sialylated Phenotypes

Published on: October 20, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of immune receptors with diverse specificities for sialic acid-containing glycans.
  • Primarily expressed on immune cells, Siglecs function as inhibitory receptors, modulators of cell activation, and mediators of cell adhesion and phagocytosis.
  • Siglecs play critical roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses, including inflammation, immune tolerance, and cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the Siglec family of immune receptors.
  • To highlight the diverse functions of Siglecs in regulating immune cell activity and inflammatory processes.
  • To underscore the significance of Siglecs in both health and disease contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on Siglec structure, function, and expression.
  • Analysis of Siglec interactions with sialic acid-containing ligands.
  • Examination of Siglec involvement in various immune cell types and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Siglecs exhibit varied specificities for sialic acid ligands and are crucial regulators of immune responses.
  • Many Siglecs act as inhibitory receptors, dampening inflammation triggered by DAMPs and PAMPs.
  • Siglecs modulate B cell tolerance, dendritic cell activation, and T cell function, impacting nearly all immune cells.

Conclusions:

  • Siglecs are pivotal regulators of immune cell function, influencing inflammation, tolerance, and activation.
  • Their diverse roles make Siglecs relevant targets for therapeutic interventions in various immune-related diseases.
  • Understanding Siglec biology is essential for advancing immunology and developing novel treatments.