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Related Concept Videos

B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

Overview

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Updated: May 26, 2026

Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation

Published on: September 20, 2017

Immune regulatory function of B cells.

Claudia Mauri1, Anneleen Bosma

  • 1Center for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, United Kingdom. c.mauri@ucl.ac.uk

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are crucial for maintaining immune tolerance by producing interleukin-10 (IL-10). This review explores factors influencing Breg differentiation and function in mice and humans to control inflammation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • B cells are known for antibody production but also secrete diverse cytokines.
  • B cell subsets, similar to T helper cells, are defined by their cytokine profiles.
  • Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are a subset vital for immune tolerance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss factors governing the differentiation of regulatory B cells (Bregs).
  • To examine the effector functions of Bregs in both mouse and human systems.
  • To highlight the role of Bregs in maintaining immune homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in B cell biology.
  • Analysis of studies on Bregs in mouse and human models.
  • Synthesis of findings on cytokine production and regulatory functions.

Main Results:

  • Bregs produce a range of cytokines, notably interleukin-10 (IL-10).
  • IL-10 from Bregs inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines and promotes regulatory T cell differentiation.
  • Bregs play a critical role in restraining excessive inflammation in autoimmune diseases and infections.

Conclusions:

  • Regulatory B cells (Bregs) are essential for immune tolerance.
  • Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a key mediator of Breg function.
  • Understanding Breg differentiation and function is critical for managing inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.