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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Adaptive immunity to fungi.

Marcel Wüthrich1, George S Deepe, Bruce Klein

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53792, USA. mwuethri@wisc.edu

Annual Review of Immunology
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Fungal infections are rising due to immune suppression. Understanding mammalian immune defenses, particularly adaptive immunity involving dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells, is crucial for developing new therapies against pathogenic fungi.

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Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
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Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages
07:21

Viability Assay of Trichoderma stromaticum Conidia Inside Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear-Derived Macrophages

Published on: October 20, 2023

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus
12:29

Live Imaging of Antifungal Activity by Human Primary Neutrophils and Monocytes in Response to A. fumigatus

Published on: April 19, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • While most fungi are harmless, a growing number of life-threatening fungal infections occur in immunocompromised patients.
  • Advances in medical care have led to increased instances of severe fungal disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of mammalian immune defenses against pathogenic fungi.
  • To highlight the role of adaptive immunity in combating fungal infections.
  • To explore therapeutic applications based on immune defense mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on mammalian immune responses to fungi.
  • Focus on adaptive immunity, dendritic cells, T cell subsets, and B cell responses.
  • Analysis of molecular pattern recognition and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Dendritic cells play a key role in initiating adaptive immune responses to fungi.
  • T cell and B cell subsets are crucial for eliminating fungal pathogens.
  • Immune responses aim to clear fungi while minimizing tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding adaptive immune mechanisms against fungi is essential for addressing the rising crisis of fungal infections.
  • Targeting dendritic cells, T cells, and B cells offers potential for novel antifungal therapies.