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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

Gene Editing of Primary Rhesus Macaque B Cells

Gene Editing of Primary Rhesus Macaque B Cells

Published on: February 10, 2023

Generation of chimeric rhesus monkeys.

Masahito Tachibana¹, Michelle Sparman, Cathy Ramsey

¹Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 N.W. 185(th) Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.

|January 10, 2012

Summary

Totipotent cells from early primate embryos can form chimeras, unlike their pluripotent counterparts. This suggests species-specific differences in early embryonic development and limitations for chimera assays in non-human primates.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Comparative Embryology

Background:

Totipotent cells are the earliest embryonic cells, capable of forming a complete organism, including extraembryonic tissues.
Pluripotent cells, found in the inner cell mass (ICM), can differentiate into any cell of the body but not extraembryonic tissues.
The ability to form chimeras is a hallmark of totipotent and pluripotent cells in mice, used to assess developmental potential.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental potential of rhesus monkey embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and isolated ICMs using chimera formation.
To compare the chimera-forming capacity of totipotent versus pluripotent cells in primate embryos.
To explore species-specific differences in early embryonic development between primates and rodents.

Main Methods:

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Aggregation of rhesus monkey ESCs and isolated ICMs with host embryos.
Aggregation of totipotent cells from four-cell stage rhesus monkey embryos with host embryos.
Analysis of chimeric offspring development.

Main Results:

Rhesus monkey ESCs and isolated ICMs failed to incorporate into host embryos and form chimeras.
Chimeric offspring were successfully produced by aggregating totipotent cells from four-cell stage embryos.
These findings highlight significant differences in developmental potential between totipotent and pluripotent cells in primates.

Conclusions:

Primate ESCs and ICMs exhibit limited developmental potential compared to their murine counterparts.
The chimera assay, a standard for assessing pluripotency in mice, may not be applicable to non-human primate pluripotent cells.
Species-specific characteristics of primate embryonic development restrict the utility of certain stem cell assays.