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Related Concept Videos

Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
Motor Units00:46

Motor Units

A motor unit consists of two main components: a single efferent motor neuron (i.e., a neuron that carries impulses away from the central nervous system) and all of the muscle fibers it innervates. The motor neuron may innervate multiple muscle fibers, which are single cells, but only one motor neuron innervates a single muscle fiber.
Motor Units01:13

Motor Units

The motor unit is a fundamental component of the neuromuscular system and plays a crucial role in coordinating muscle contractions. It consists of a somatic motor neuron, which connects and controls multiple skeletal muscle fibers, forming a single functional segment. The axon of the motor neuron branches out and establishes synaptic connections known as neuromuscular junctions with individual muscle fibers within the motor unit.
Motor units come in different sizes, with smaller units...
Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
Homeostatic Imbalances:
Alzheimer's disease manifests as a gradual decline in memory and cognitive abilities, attributed to the buildup of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain.
Parkinson's disease arises from the...
Electro-mechanical Systems01:19

Electro-mechanical Systems

Electromechanical systems are intricate configurations that effectively combine electrical and mechanical elements to achieve a desired outcome. Central to many of these systems is the DC motor, a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion, enabling various applications ranging from simple fans to complex robotic mechanisms.
A key component of the DC motor is the armature, a rotating circuit positioned within a magnetic field. As an electric current passes through the...
Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

Hierarchy of Motor Control

The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
15:48

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies

Published on: July 29, 2007

The motor system and its disorders.

James B Rowe1, Hartwig R Siebner

  • 1Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK. james.rowe@mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk

Neuroimage
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neuroimaging technologies have significantly advanced our understanding of the motor system, aiding in the study of motor functions and neurological disorders. This research facilitates bidirectional translational neuroscience for developing new therapeutics.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
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Published on: July 29, 2007

Investigating Motor Skill Learning Processes with a Robotic Manipulandum
07:52

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Published on: February 12, 2017

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Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface in Rehabilitation of Upper Limb Motor Dysfunction After Stroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor System Research

Background:

  • The motor system has been extensively studied using advanced neuroimaging techniques over the past two decades.
  • Existing electrophysiological and anatomical data from comparative studies facilitate the validation of new neuroimaging methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of neuroimaging on understanding diverse motor functions like motor learning, decision-making, inhibition, and the mirror neuron system.
  • To highlight the role of motor system imaging as a platform for bidirectional translational neuroscience.
  • To discuss recent advancements in analyzing motor system connectivity and experimental design.

Main Methods:

  • Review of neuroimaging technologies including positron emission tomography (PET), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) tractography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
  • Analysis of structural and functional connectivity in the motor system.
  • Integration of multiple methodologies and use of formal models in experimental design.

Main Results:

  • Neuroimaging has enhanced the understanding of motor learning, decision-making, inhibition, and the mirror neuron system.
  • Imaging provides a platform for studying neuroplasticity, neural networks, and neuropharmacology in conditions like stroke and movement disorders.
  • Clinical imaging studies have driven innovations in cognitive theory and experimental analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is crucial for advancing motor system research and understanding neurological disorders.
  • The integration of multiple imaging methods and advanced analytical approaches, including formal modeling, optimizes experimental design and data interpretation.
  • Motor system imaging supports bidirectional translational neuroscience, accelerating the development of novel therapeutics and refining cognitive theories.