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Crocus sativus L.: A comprehensive review.

R Srivastava1, H Ahmed, R K Dixit

  • 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Babu Banarasi Das National Institute of Technology and Management, Dr. Akhilesh Das Nagar, Faizabad Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India .

Pharmacognosy Reviews
|January 10, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a spice with over 150 compounds, offering numerous medicinal benefits like antioxidant and antidepressant effects. This review details its properties, uses, and safety.

Keywords:
AnticonvulsantCrocus sativusantinociceptiveaphrodisiaccrocinsafranal

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Phytochemistry
  • Ethnobotany

Background:

  • Crocus sativus L. (saffron) is a spice derived from the dried red stigmas of the Iridaceae family plant.
  • Widely cultivated in Iran, India, and Greece, saffron is known for its distinct bitter taste and hay-like fragrance.
  • Its characteristic flavor and aroma are attributed to compounds like picrocrocin and safranal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of saffron (Crocus sativus L.).
  • To explore its historical background, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities.
  • To detail its medicinal uses, substitutes, adulterants, toxicity, evaluation, and chemical testing.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical data.
  • Analysis of chemical constituents and their properties.
  • Compilation of pharmacological actions and medicinal uses from existing research.

Main Results:

  • Saffron contains over 150 volatile compounds, including terpenes and their esters.
  • It exhibits diverse pharmacological activities: antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, and memory enhancement.
  • The spice also improves retinal blood flow and possesses anxiolytic and aphrodisiac properties.

Conclusions:

  • Saffron possesses a wide spectrum of medicinal properties and potential health benefits.
  • Understanding its chemical profile and pharmacological actions is crucial for its therapeutic application.
  • Further research into saffron's efficacy, safety, and formulation is warranted.