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Related Concept Videos

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 26, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer

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XMRV and prostate cancer--a 'final' perspective.

Karen S Sfanos1, Amanda L Aloia, Angelo M De Marzo

  • 1Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA. ksfanos@jhmi.edu

Nature Reviews. Urology
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

The xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) was initially found in prostate cancer samples but is now understood to be a laboratory artifact. This virus does not circulate in humans and has no role in prostate cancer development.

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Last Updated: May 26, 2026

A Bioluminescent and Fluorescent Orthotopic Syngeneic Murine Model of Androgen-dependent and Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer
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Sequencing Small Non-coding RNA from Formalin-fixed Tissues and Serum-derived Exosomes from Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Patients
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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
13:19

Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer

Published on: November 2, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (XMRV) was identified in prostate cancer tissues in 2006.
  • Initial findings suggested a potential link between XMRV and human prostate cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origin and relevance of XMRV in human diseases.
  • To determine if XMRV circulates in the human population and contributes to prostate cancer etiology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of viral genomes and their origins.
  • Investigating the process of genetic recombination in laboratory settings.

Main Results:

  • XMRV originated in a laboratory setting.
  • The virus was formed through genetic recombination of mouse germline DNA during xenograft transplantation.
  • Evidence indicates XMRV does not circulate in humans.

Conclusions:

  • XMRV is a laboratory-derived virus, not a human pathogen.
  • There is no scientific basis to link XMRV to the etiology of prostate cancer or other human diseases.