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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight, compared...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale
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Published on: August 25, 2014

[Drug use safety in paediatrics].

Cecilia M Fernández-Llamazares1, Silvia Manrique-Rodríguez, María Sanjurjo-Sáez

  • 1Servicio de Farmacia, Área Materno-Infantil, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. cmartinezf.hgugm@salud.madrid.org

Archivos Argentinos De Pediatria
|January 11, 2012
PubMed
Summary

Children are highly susceptible to medication errors. About 50% of pediatric drug use is off-label or unlicensed, increasing risks and necessitating careful therapeutic strategies for better outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric pharmacology
  • Drug safety in children
  • Clinical pharmacy

Context:

  • Children exhibit heightened vulnerability to adverse drug events.
  • Pediatric drug prescription frequently involves off-label or unlicensed use.
  • A significant proportion of pediatric patients receive at least one medication under non-authorized conditions.

Purpose:

  • To highlight the increased susceptibility of pediatric populations to medication errors.
  • To underscore the prevalence of off-label and unlicensed drug use in children.
  • To emphasize the importance of ensuring optimal therapeutic results with minimal risk in pediatric care.

Summary:

  • Studies indicate that pediatric patients are more prone to medication errors due to their unique physiology.
  • Approximately 50% of medications administered to children are prescribed off-label or are unlicensed.
  • Around 70% of pediatric patients are treated with at least one drug under conditions not authorized by regulatory bodies.

Impact:

  • Informing healthcare providers about the risks associated with pediatric drug prescription.
  • Guiding the development of safer medication practices for children.
  • Promoting research into evidence-based guidelines for pediatric pharmacotherapy.