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Updated: May 26, 2026
09:39
The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
Published on: October 19, 2011
Vocal function in introverts and extraverts during a psychological stress reactivity protocol
Maria Dietrich1, Katherine Verdolini Abbott
1University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA. maria.dietrich@uky.edu
Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
|January 11, 2012
Summary
Introverts show greater neck muscle activity during stress compared to extraverts. These differences in extralaryngeal behavior may inform the risk for muscle tension voice disorders.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Speech and Hearing Sciences
- Voice Disorders
Background:
- Introversion and extraversion are personality traits that may influence physiological responses.
- Understanding these differences could elucidate risk factors for voice disorders like muscle tension dysphonia.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if introversion influences extralaryngeal and vocal behavior in healthy individuals compared to extraverts.
- To determine if these behavioral differences support a risk hypothesis for primary muscle tension dysphonia.
Main Methods:
- Fifty-four healthy female adults (18-35 years) were divided into introversion (n=27) and extraversion (n=27) groups.
- Participants underwent a public speaking stressor, with assessments of extralaryngeal muscle activity (surface electromyography), perceived vocal effort, and vocal acoustics (fundamental frequency, intensity).
Main Results:
- Introverts exhibited significantly higher infrahyoid muscle activity during stress compared to extraverts.
- While both groups showed increased perceived vocal effort and decreased acoustic measures during stress, infrahyoid activity correlated with introversion and Voice Handicap Index scores.
Conclusions:
- Distinct differences in extralaryngeal behavior exist between introverts and extraverts.
- These findings align with the trait theory of voice disorders, suggesting personality traits may contribute to vocal health risks.
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