Membrane recruitment of autophagy proteins in selective autophagy

Autophagy is a stress response that is upregulated in response to signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and pathogen infection. Defects in this pathway are the underlying cause of a number of diseases, including metabolic aberrations, infectious diseases, and cancer, which are closely related to hepatic disorders. To date, more than 30 human ATG (autophagy) genes have been reported to regulate autophagosome formation. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how ATG proteins behave during autophagosome formation in both non-selective and selective autophagy.