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One or more bound planets per Milky Way star from microlensing observations.

A Cassan1, D Kubas, J-P Beaulieu

  • 1Probing Lensing Anomalies Network (PLANET) Collaboration, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, UMR7095 UPMC-CNRS, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France. cassan@iap.fr

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Planets are common around stars, with most stars hosting planets. Gravitational microlensing reveals that Jupiter-mass planets orbit 17% of stars, while cool Neptunes and super-Earths are even more abundant.

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Area of Science:

  • Astronomy and Astrophysics
  • Exoplanetary Science

Background:

  • Most known exoplanets are detected via radial velocity or transit methods, biased towards planets close to their stars.
  • Current estimates suggest 17-30% of solar-like stars host a planet.
  • Gravitational microlensing offers a complementary method to detect planets farther from their stars or unbound ones.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically analyze gravitational microlensing data from 2002-2007.
  • To determine the abundance of bound planets within 0.5-10 AU of their host stars.

Main Methods:

  • Statistical analysis of gravitational microlensing data.
  • Detection of exoplanets using the gravitational microlensing technique.

Main Results:

  • 17% of stars host Jupiter-mass planets (0.3-10 M(J)).
  • 52% of stars host cool Neptunes (10-30 M(⊕)).
  • 62% of stars host super-Earths (5-10 M(⊕)).

Conclusions:

  • Planetary systems are a common occurrence around stars.
  • The prevalence of planets suggests planet formation is a general process.
  • Gravitational microlensing significantly expands our understanding of planet populations.